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All about Imaam Bukhari (R.A.) and his famous Sahih1. Name Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ismail ibn Ebrahim ibn Mugira ibn Bardizba Al Ju'fi Al Bukhari. 2. Birth and Lineage Born on Friday (after Jumuah) 13 Shawwal 194 A.H. Passed away on Friday 1 Shawwal 256 A.H. (the night before Eid-ul-Fitr) (Hadyus Saari - pg.477). Bardizba was a fire worshipper. His son Mugira accepted Islam on the hands of Ju'fi the governor of Bukhara. That is why the name Ju'fi appears at the end of his name. There is not much mention about Imam Bukhari's grandfather, Ebrahim. However his father, Ismail, was a muhaddith and Ibn Hibban has rated him in the 4th category of reliable muhadditheen. He has narrated from Hammad ibn Zaid and Imam Malik. Abu Hafs Kabir says that he was present at the time of Ismails death when he heard him say: "I do not have a single dirham of doubt in my earnings." 3. Abilities (Remarkable Memory) When Imam Saheb was 11 years old, he was once at the lesson of Imaam Daakli and Imaam Daakhli narrated the following sanad: Sufyan from Abu Zubair from Ebrahim. Imaam Saheb said that this sanad is incorrect because Abu Zubair did not narrate from Ebrahim. When it was checked up, Imaam saheb was correct. (Hadyus Saari pg.478). Hashid bin Ismail mentions that Imam Bukhari (R.A.) in his youth use to come to the Mashaaikh of Basra but he never used to write. After 16 days, we rebuked him for not writing down the notes (Ahadith). After a while he said: "You have rebuked me enough - bring your kitaabs." Haashid says: "We brought our kitaabs and Imam Saheb mentioned each and every hadith with their sanads and also corrected our kitaabs and said: "You think I'm wasting my time!" (At that time there were over 15 000 Ahadith taken from those Mashaaikh of Basra) (Hadyus Saari pg.478). Once Ishaaq bin Raah-weih mentioned that I know the 70 000 Ahadith mentioned in my book like I'm looking at them. When this was mentioned to Imam Bukhari (R.A.), he replied: "You are astonished at that, perhaps in this time and age, there are such people who know 200 000 Ahadith as mentioned in the kitaab (by this Imam Saheb was referring to himself) (Hadyus Saari pg.487). Once when Imam Bukhari went to Baghdad, the muhadditheen got together and took 100 Ahadith and mixed up their sanads (chain of narrators) and matan (text). Thereafter 10 muhadditheen were appointed to present ten of these Ahadith each to him incorrectly. When each Hadith was presented, he replied each time with these words: "I don't know this Hadith." After all the Ahadith were presented to him, he mentioned each Hadith as it was narrated by those ten muhadditheen and then mentioned the correct version of each one (Hadyus Saari pg.486). Abu Azhar (R.A.) says; "Once when Imam Bukhari (R.A.) came to Samarkand, 400 muhadditheen got together and mixed up the sanads of Iraq with Yemeni sanads and the sanads of the Haram with the Yemeni sanads in trying to make Imam Saheb commit a mistake, but not one mistake was taken out by anyone of the 400 muhadditheen. 4. Ustaads Imam Bukhari (R.A.) said he has more than 1000 Ustaads. He knows the chain of narrators of every Hadith from every Ustaad. Ibn Hajar has categorized Bukhari's Ustaads into 5 groups: >
5. Students 6. Sacrifices When he went to Aadam ibn Abi Ayas there was a delay in receiving money - he ate grass, after 3 days somebody gave a bag of coins. He got sick, his container of food was shown to doctors, they said this is like the Raahibs. Imam Bukhaari did not eat curry for 40 years. When people insisted, he accepted to have bread and sugar as curry. 7. Piety and Character Imam Bukhari said: "From the time I knew backbiting is haraam I never spoke ill about anyone." The need once arose for Imam bukhari (R.A.) to travel by sea. He had with him 1000 ashrafis (gold coins). While on the ship, he met a person who became very close to Imam Saheb. One day (whhile on the ship) that person began shouting, when asked the reason for the shouting he mentioned that he had a thousand Ashrafis that were missing. While every passenger on the ship was being searched, Imam Bukhari (R.A.) threw his 1000 Ashrafis into the sea. After all the passengers on board were searched and the money not found, the people began rebuking that person. When the journey ended that person came to Imam Bukhari (R.A.) and enquired as to what he had done with the money. Imam Bukhari (R.A.) replied that he had thrown it into the sea. That person asked why he had borne such a huge loss. He replied: "Are you not aware that my entire life has been devoted to the Ahadith of Rasulullah (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) and my authenticity is very renowned. I was not prepared to loose what I had earned my entire life because of a few gold coins." (Zafrul Muhassileen - pg.103) Whilst practicing archery, the arrow hit a bridge and damaged it. He asked the owner for forgiveness and offered to repair it. Abu Hafs Kabir sent goods to him which he promised to sell to somebody at a certain price. Others offered a higher price. He refused. Imam Bukhari (R.A.) mentioned: "I did not write any Hadith in this book before taking a bath and performing 2 rakaats and I deduced this kitaab from 600 000 Ahadith in 16 years. 8. Imam Bukhari's Mazhab 1. According to ibn Taimiyyah (R.A.), Imam Bukhari was a mujtahid and an independent Imam. 2. Allama Taqi'uddeen Subki has regarded him as a Shafi because he was the student of Humaidi, who was a Shafi. This conclusion is not correct because then Imam Bukhari should be regarded as a Hanafi in view of Ishaaq ibn Raahwa - Imam Bukhari's Ustaad being a student of Abdullah ibn Mubarak and Abdullah ibn Mubarak was a Hanafi. 3. Ibn Qayyim (R.A.) says Imam Bukhari, Muslim and Abu Dawood were strong followers of Imam Ahmad ibn Hambal. After studying and closely looking at Imam Bukhari one will realise that Imam Bukhari did not follow any one Imam, he has his independant views on many issues, therefore Allama Anwar Shah Kashmiri (R.A.) and Sheikh Zakaria (R.A.) have the same view as that of Allama Taimiyya that Imam Bukhari is a mujtahid. Hazrath Moulana Fazlur Rahman is of the opinion that Imam Bukhari's Usools (fundamental principles) are not known, it is difficult to regard him as an independant Imam and Mujtahid. My humble view is that not knowing the Usool of any Imam is not a criteria to disqualify him from being a mujtahid, just as there were many other mujtahids other than the famous and commonly known 4 Imams. Their usools are not known, but they were mujtahids or else it would mean that their were only 4 mujtahids in this Ummat. Yes, one may say that since the usools of Imam Bukhari are not known, he cannot be followed, just as we cannot follow for eg. Sufyan Sawri, Sufyan Uyaina, etc. etc. 9. DemisImam Bukhari very frequently became a victim of differences and disputes and he breathed his last in that condition. He was expelled from Bukhara 4 times. 1st - When he issued a ruling that foster relationships are effective even by drinking goat and sheep milk. This was in his early days. There is speculation whether this incident is true or not. 2nd - Many Ulama of Bukhara held the opinion that Iman is not makhlook, because of that those Ulama had to leave Bukhara. Imam Bukhari was also amongst them. 3rd - After his experience with Imam Zuhli in Nishapur, Zuhli wrote to the Ameer of Bukhara complaining about Imaam Bukhari which resulted in his expulsion. Concerning the dispute with Imam Zuhli in Nishapur - When Imam Bukhari came to Nishapur he was very warmly welcomed and Imam zuhli, who was also the Ustaad of Imam Bukhari, encouraged the people to benefit and listen to ahadith from Imam Bukhari. Once someody asked the question whether Qalamullah is makhlook or not. Imam tried to evade the question but upon insisting he answered that Qalamullah is not makhlook but our reciting the kalamullah is maqluk. People did not fully understand this and made an issue that Imam Bukhari says that "lafzi bilquran maklook." Imam Zuhli said, He (Imam Bukhari) is a bid'ati and no one should go to him. People left Imam Bukhari (R.A.) except Imam Muslim and Ahmad ibn Salama. Zuhli did not allow any person who subscribe to Imam Bukhari's view or associated with him to sit in his lesson. Imam Muslim and Ahmad ibn Salama chose to be with Imam Bukhari. A few days later Imam Bukhari left Nishapur and went to Bukhara and was expelled from there. This was the third time he was expelled from Bukhara. There is some speculation that when Imam Bukhari began having discourses in Nishapur, Zuhli's discourses were not largely attended hence Zuhli initiated Imam Bukhari's removal from Bukhara. And Allah Ta'ala knows best 4th - Imam Bukhari was called to Bukhara and he received a very large reception. Ameer of Bukhara, Khalid Zuhli asked him to come to his place and teach his children Bukhari Shareef. Imam Bukhari refused and Khalid then used people to make objections on Imam Bukhari's beliefs and thus he was finally expelled from Bukhara. Imam Bukhari cursed Khalid and within a month Khalid was dismissed and imprisoned. After Imam Bukhari was removed for the fourth time by Khalid. He went to Khatang (today Khaja Abad) by his relatives. Abdul Quddus (R.A.) says that I heard Imam Bukhari making dua in tahajjud: "O Allah, the earth has become narrow for me despite its spaciousness, therefore call me to you." Gaalib ibn Jibraeel says
- I was in Khartang when people of Samarqand sent a messenger
to propose and invite Imam Bukhari to Samarqand. Imam Bukhari
got ready to go and after walking about 20 steps he felt weak
and lied down and breathed his last. This was on the night of
Eid - 256 A.H. After his death, musk scent emitted from his
grave. His opponents came to the grave to make tawba. Upon his
death, 2 persons saw a dream in which he made ziyarah of
Rasulullah (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) and the Sahaba
(radhiallahu anhum) and they were waiting for somebody.
Rasulullah (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) said that they are
waiting for Imam Bukhari.
10. IMAAM BUKHARI AND THE AHNAAF Imam Bukhari's family and friendly ties with Abu Hafs Kabir's family. Imam Bukhari was a student of Abu Hafs Kabir, he made sima of Jami Sufyan from him. Even after that Imam Bukhari and Abu Hafs Sagheer (Kabirs son) were contempories and colleagues in studying. It is obvious that because of Imam Bukhari and his family being close to Abu Haf's family (Abu Hafs used to render financial help to Imam Bukhari) he was aware of the fiqh of the Ahnaaf. Infact he first studied all the books of Abdulla ibn Mubarak who was a student of Abu Hanifa and member of the fiqh shura committee of the Ahnaaf. However later in life when Imam Bukhari came into contact with Imam Humaidi and Nuaim Khuzaaie, who were very strongly opposed to the Ahnaaf - he too was influenced by their anti-Ahnaaf attitude. 11. Writings and Other Compilations Imam Bukhari wrote many kitaabs besides Bukhari Shareef (Al Jamius Sahih). Hereunder are some books written by Imam Bukhari
12. ABOUT HIS BOOK AL-JAMIUS-SAHIH Motivating factors of
compiling Bukhari Shareef The dominant purpose of compiling Bukhari Shareef from the motivating factors was to compile and gather only Sahih ahadith. Apart from that, Imam Bukhari designed and brightened his book with other aspects as well, for eg., he would deduce fiqhi aspects from the hadith, he would express the authenticity of the hadith by presenting another sanad (chain of narrators). He also explains the meaning of many ahadith etc. It is due to the above factors that the hadith in Bukhari Shareef are not in a subject or topic sequence. However, Imam Muslim has arranged and compiled his book according to a topic sequence. 13. Specialities of
Bukhari Shareef 2. It took the author 16 years to compile his book. The tarajims (topics) were prepared at the rowda mubarak. 3. Abu Zaid Mirwazi Shafi, who was a very fond shafi was sleeping in the mataaf area when he made ziyarat of Rasulullah (sallallahu alaihi waallam) who asked him, why do you not make research and read my book. Abu Zaid asked: "Oh prophet of Allah which is your book?" Rasulullah (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) replied the book of Muhammad ibn Ismail ie. Bukhari Shareef. 4. When read at the time of difficulties and hardships, matters are made easy. When read in a boat it does not sink. 5. There are 22 Sulusiyyaats in Bukhari Shareef. However Darami has more sulusiyyaats than Bukhari Shareef. 14. Conditions of
Choosing a Hadith
Hereunder is a more clear explanation as to what type of narrators are chosen by Imam Bukhari. Imam Zuhri has five categories of students:
Imam Bukhari took narrators of the first category, seldom would he take from the second category. Imam Muslim would take from the third cateory as well. Abu Dawood and Nasai would take from the third category. Tirmizi from the fourth category, Tirmizi is more superior to Abu Dawood because he discusses the reason a hadith is weak, etc. Imam Abu Dawood uses the fifth category to support and consolidate. (Read after the section on itti'saal.) A question arises that if according to Imam Bukhari, the chain of narrators must be an unbroken one, why are there ahadith-e-muanan (hadith with an-an). According to Imam Bukhari for a hadith muanan to be under the category of unbroken chain of narrators, the narrator and from whom he is narrating must be contemporaries and must meet at least once. In order to clearly
understand the above, the following must be
understood: If they are contemporaries but they did not meet, this is called Irsaale Khafi. If they are contemporaries, met but narrates something he did not hear, this is Tadlees. According to Imam Bukhari, the two must meet at least once. According to Muslim, merely being contemporaries is sufficient. Imam Bukhari views this as a possibility of being Irsaal, hence the narration will not be of an unbroken chain (muttasal). One may raise an objection that according to Imam Bukhari, meeting once is sufficient, but still there is a possibility of non-narration. The answer is that we are discussing about a narrator who does not practice Tadlees. A mudallis's narration is not muttasil, hence disqualifies from being accepted. In the light of the above discussion, it is clear that Bukhari shareef is more superior to Muslim or any other book on hadith. Dare Qutni says: The statement of Abu Ali Nishapuri: "There is no other kitaab on the surface of this earth more sahih than Muslim Shareef," is opposed by Nishapuri's Ustaad, Imam Nasai, who said there is no better book than Bukhari Shareef. However, it must be noted that the superiority of Bukhari Shareef over Muslim Shareef and other books of ahadith is on a general basis, not that every hadith of Bukhari Shareef is more superior to any hadith in any other book of hadith.
15. The Topics (Taraajim) of Bukhari Shareef
16. Repetitions in
Bukhari Shareef
17. Important Books related to Bukhari Shareef
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